Ekonomi

Berapakah jumlah populasi Malaysia? Berapakah GDP dan GNP Malaysia? Apakah barangan yang paling banyak mengeksport dan Negara mana dieksport?
Population: 25,274,133 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 31.8% (male 4,135,013/female 3,898,761)
15-64 years: 63.3% (male 8,026,755/female 7,965,332)
65 years and over: 4.9% (male 548,970/female 699,302) (2008 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.742% (2008 est.)
Ethnic groups: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)
Religions: Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8% (2000 census)
Languages: Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
Economy - overview: Malaysia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Since coming to office in 2003, Prime Minister ABDULLAH has tried to move the economy farther up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology industries, medical technology, and pharmaceuticals. The Government of Malaysia is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand to wean the economy off of its dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics - remain a significant driver of the economy. As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel forced Kuala Lumpur to reduce government subsidies. Malaysia "unpegged" the ringgit from the US dollar in 2005 and the currency appreciated 6% per year against the dollar in 2006-07. Although this has helped to hold down the price of imports, inflationary pressures began to build in 2007. Healthy foreign exchange reserves and a small external debt greatly reduce the risk that Malaysia will experience a financial crisis over the near term similar to the one in 1997. The government presented its five-year national development agenda in April 2006 through the Ninth Malaysia Plan, a comprehensive blueprint for the allocation of the national budget from 2006-10. With national elections expected within the year, ABDULLAH has unveiled a series of ambitious development schemes for several regions that have had trouble attracting business investment. Real GDP growth has averaged about 6% per year under ABDULLAH, but regions outside of Kuala Lumpur and the manufacturing hub Penang have not fared as well.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $357.4 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $186.5 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 6.3% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $13,300 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 9.9%
industry: 45.3%
services: 44.8% (2007 est.)
Labor force: 10.94 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 13%
industry: 36%
services: 51% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate: 3.2% (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1%
note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed): 21.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget: revenues: $40.69 billion
expenditures: $46.7 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt: 41.6% of GDP (2007 est.)

GDP: $308.8 billion.
Annual real GDP growth rate: 5.5%.
Per capita (GDP) income: $12,700.
Budget: Income.............. $31.63 billion
Expenditure ... $37 billion

Main Crops: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber, palm oil, rice; Sabah—subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak—rubber, pepper; timber.

Natural Resources: Tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite.

Major Industries: Rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting,
logging and processing timber; Sabah—logging, petroleum production; Sarawak—agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging.
NATIONAL GNP
The Malaysian economy maintained its momentum growing 5.2% in 2003, after expanding 4.1% in 2002. In 2001, real GDP grew an anemic 0.3% due to global uncertainties. The better than expected expansion in 2003 was fueled primarily by the manufacturing sector, particularly the electronics and chemical industries. The recovery of the global electronics sector boosted Malaysian exports to the U.S., Malaysians’ principal trade and investment partner. The consensus among public and private sector analysts is that the economy will continue to grow by at least 6.0% to 6.5% in 2004, on strong domestic demand and global growth in major countries and regional economies but with reservations on continued high oil prices. Although Malaysia is a net exporter of oil, the significant and rapid hike in oil prices has increased the government’s burden on oil subsidies to the domestic consumers. The government has maintained the Malaysian ringgit pegged at an exchange rate of RM3.8/U.S.$1.0 since September 1998.

Malaysia remains an important trading partner for the United States. In 2003, bilateral trade between the United States and Malaysia totaled U.S. $36.4 billion. U.S. exports to Malaysia were $10.9 billion, and U.S. imports from Malaysia were $25.4 billion in that year. Malaysia was the United States' 10th-largest trading partner and its 16th-largest export market. During the first 6 months of 2004, U.S. exports to Malaysia totaled $5.5 billion while the United States imported $13 billion from Malaysia.

Malaysia successfully developed from a commodity-based economy to one focused on manufacturing. Today the Government of Malaysia seeks to make the leap to a knowledge-based economy. At independence, Malaysia inherited an economy dominated by two commodities--rubber and tin. In the 40 years thereafter, Malaysia's economic record had been one of Asia's best. From the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, the economy experienced a period of broad diversification and sustained rapid growth averaging almost 8% annually. New foreign and domestic investment played a significant role in the transformation of Malaysia's economy. Manufacturing grew from 13.9% of GDP in 1970 to 30.9 % in 2003, while agriculture and mining, which together had accounted for 42.7% of GDP in 1970, dropped to 8.4% and 7.2 %, respectively, in 2003. Malaysia is one of the world's largest exporters of semiconductor devices, electrical goods, and appliances, and the government has ambitious plans to make Malaysia a leading producer and developer of high-tech products, including software. Malaysia is a major destination for outsourcing after China and India.

The Malaysian Government encourages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and the United States continues to be one of the largest sources of new investment in Malaysia. In 2003, the Malaysian Government approved U.S. $574 million in new manufacturing investment by U.S. companies, with the bulk in the electronics and electrical sectors. The cumulative value of U.S. private investment in Malaysia exceeds $20 billion, 60% of which is in the oil and gas and petrochemical sectors with the rest in manufacturing, especially semiconductors and other electronic products, according to an American Chamber of Commerce 2003 survey.