Forest Policies in Malaysia

There are similarities and differences of policies between Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia forest department.

The similarities:

1. Serve as an agent for development and as an incentive for generate good management.
2. To protect and manage forest as a renewable resources.
3. All of the policies are formulated to protect the communities, so that the can still use
the forest to generate their economic.
4. To conserve and manage the forest through sustainable management and maintain its
Important roles in the national economy and preservation of environmental stability.


The differences:

1. Their policy name is different which:
a. Sabah with Sabah Forestry Policies
b. Sarawak with Forest Policies of Sarawak
c. Peninsular Malaysia with National Forestry Policies (NFC).

2. The year of acceptable of policies:
a. Sabah in year 2005
b. Sarawak in year 1954
c. Peninsular Malaysia in year 1977

3. Classifications of the forest:
a. Sabah forestry has classified the forest in to 3 types which was Protection forest, Production forest, and Amenity forest.
b. Sarawak forestry has not stated their classification forest but only 1 which was Permanent Forest Estate
c. Peninsular Malaysia forestry has also classified their forest same as Sabah forestry with an addition 1 which is Research and Education Forest.

4. Major uses of the policies:
a. Sabah Forest Policies is done to cater for the needs of all stake holders in Sabah, and is in conformity with the internationally accepted practices of sustainable forest resource management and development.
b. Forest Policy of Sarawak is done to pertain their forest and issued for information and guidelines of all officers on the government service.
c. NFC is done to conserve forest with well manage.

Perundangan Hutan

Faktor-faktor penyebab pembalakan haram di Malaysia.

1. Peguatkuasaan undang-undang yang lemah.
2. Pemantauan terhadap kawasan hutan tidak teratur.
3. Aktiviti rasuah berleluasa.
4. Permintaan yang tinggi terhadap kayu balak.
5. Untuk mengelakkan sistem pembayaran yang melampau terhadap kayu balak.


Akta Hutan Kebangsaan (1984)

Kuasa pegawai hutan:

Kuasa menangkap (Seksyen 88(1)), dan kuasa menyita hasil hutan yang menjadi perkara kesalahan (Seksyen 89). Kuasa ini diberikan kepada pegawai hutan yang berpangkat tidak rendah daripada Pengawas Hutan.

Hukuman ke atas pesalah:

1. Kategori I
Pindaan bagi kesalahan yang melibatkan "Denda tidak melebibi RM 10,000 atau penjara selama tempoh tidak melebihi tiga tahun atau kedua-dua denda dan penjara" kepada "Denda tidak melebihi RM 500,000 dan penjara selama tempoh tidak kurang daripada satu tahun tetapi tidak melebihi dua puluh tahun". Pindaan ini adalah bagi kesalahan di bawah Seksyen 15 (2) iaitu mengambil hasil hutan dari HSK atau Tanah Kerajaan tanpa lesen, permit atau mengikut undang-undang. Pindaan juga dibuat ke atas Seksyen 40 (2) iaitu kesalahan memindahkan hasil hutan daripada tanah berimilik, tanah di bawah Lesen Pendudukan Sementara, Tanah Lombong atau tanah rizab tanpa Lesen Pemindah, dan Seksyen 86 iaitu melancung, atau mencacat, atau memiliki alat bagi melancung, tanda pada pokok dan kayu dan mengubah tanda sempadan.

2. Kategori II
Pindaan bagi kesalahan yang melibatkan penalti denda tidak melebihi antara RM 5,000, RM 2,000, RM 1,000 dan RM 500 atau hukuman penjara selama tempoh tidak melebihi antara 2 tahun, 1 tahun, 6 bulan, 3 bulan atau kedua-dua denda dan penjara kepada Denda tidak melebihi RM 50,000 atau hukuman penjara tidak melebihi 5 tahun atau kedua-dua denda dan penjara. Seksyen yang terlibat dengan pindaan kadar penalti ini adalah Seksyen 25(2), 32(2), 66(4), 67(2), 68(4)(a), 69(3)(a), 81(2)(b), 82(2), 84(1), 85(2), 87, 92(3), 93(2), 96(2), 97(2), 98(2), 100 dan 107.

3. Kategori lll
Pindaan bagi kesalahan yang dikenakan penalti denda tidak melebihi antara RM 1,000 dan RM 500 atau hukuman penjara tidak melebihi antara 6 atau 3 bulan atau kedua-dua denda dan penjara kepada Denda tidak melebihi RM 10,000 atau hukuman penjara tidak melebihi 3 tahun atau kedua-dua denda dan penjara. Seksyen yang terlibat adalah Seksyen 47(4), 68(4)(b), 69(3)(b), 81(2)(C) dan 83(2).

4. Kategori lV
Pindaan bagi kesalahan-kesalahan yang dikenakan penalti denda maksimum tidak melebihi RM 500 dipinda kepada denda tidak melebihi RM 10,000. Seksyen yang terlibat adalah Seksyen 50 dan 81(a) .

5. Kesalahan Berterusan
Pindaan pada kadar penalti dan denda bagi kesalahan berterusan iaitu di bawah Seksyen 25(2) (tidak mematuhi Notis Borang 2) juga dipinda daripada tidak melebihi RM 300 sehari kepada RM 1,000 sehari atau sebahagian daripada kesalahan itu jika didapati berterusan.

A part of Kota Kinabalu Town

Forest planning

Planning is important to make sure the works will be on. It will help the organization do the right thing in the right place. Otherwise, as a student, planning is the best ways to arrange the activities that they will do in one day, one week, or the others. Actually, all of thing that we should do must have the planning. In an organization, planning will show the target of the company. If the company does a multinational business, the planning of the company should be more on how to get the profit to make sure their company will be known in international level.

Forestry has been affected by globalization and decentralization. Most countries have been planning to make sure their forest still alive. Forest planning is a process where community members come together to discuss how they want their forests and communities to look, feel, and function in the future and an opportunity to help decide what will happen on the land around you. Forest planning is gain by the government and will be adapted to the community as the responsible task.

Forest plan can make sure the communities especially lives in the forest will not do anything which can destroy the forest plant. They can rezoning a wooded property, whether or not to build or expand major infrastructure that will disturb the tree. In Sabah, for an example, people who live near or in the forest area will be open up for grown their crops. If these activities does not have any plan it can change the forest natural habitat totally. Nowadays, there many planning to make sure that the community will get the advantageous from the forest.

There are several examples in forest planning that the objectives to make sure that all of humans, plants, animals get the benefit from this action. In Sabah, The Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve Project isutilising the principles identified by the joint management initiatives in the Kelawat Forest Reserve Project in particular and expanding them to develop a new model covering a larger area and a greater number of local community participants. These programs are planning by UNDP (United Nation Development Program) and Sabah Forestry Department. This programmed is surely has their planning to make sure it become successful.

Other than that, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established to seek out agricultural and forestry problems in developing countries and then support collaborative research programs linking research institution in Australia and overseas to help resolve program(McWilliam, 1989).

Diagram 1 show the cycle of planning.


The diagram is show in how to make the forest planning. First thing that we must do is decide the plan, than plan for planning, than inventory, and analyze trends. Fourthly is create goals and objectives. Fifthly are select implementation tools. Than obtain public approval, implement plan, and finally monitor the performance. This entire thing is the way to make sure that a program can work properly.

Reference
Boland, D. J. (1989). Trees For The Tropics. Canberra: Watson Ferguson & Company.
Ng, G. (2008). Malaysia Sustainable Community Forest Management in Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Thumb-Print Studio Sdn Bhd.
Webster, B. (2005, May 13). Forest Planning for Winconsin's Future. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from Wisconsin Environmental Education Board: http://www.uwsp.edu

Gunung Kinabalu

Permandangan indah Gunung Kinabalu.